Skin Cancer

• Keratinocyte cancer (Non melanoma skin cancer)

  • Actinic keratoses (Solar keratoses, sunspots): are pre-cancerous lesions that develop on sun-exposed areas of the skin or lips. They most commonly appear as rough, dry and scaly patches on the skin.

  • Intra-epidermal Squamous cell carcinoma (IEC) or Squamous cell carcinoma in situ: a common superficial cancer which occurs on the upper layer of the skin.

  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): Can grow quickly and may spread to other parts of the body. SCC can start from the outermost layer of the skin cells or the lips, tongue, lining of the mouth and genitals.

  • Basal cell carcinoma: The most common type, usually slow-growing and rarely spreads.

• Melanoma: The most serious type of skin cancer, which can spread quickly to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early.

• Sun Exposure: Overexposure to UV radiation from the sun is the leading cause.

• Sunburns and Tanning: Increases the risk.

• Use of Tanning beds: significantly increases your risk of skin cancer.

• Family history: If you have a family history of skin cancer, your risk is higher.

• Fair skin: People with fair skin, blonde or red hair, and blue or green eyes are at increased risk.

• New growths: Look for crusty, non-healing sores or lumps that are red, pale, or pearly.

  • Sores that don't heal: Any sore that doesn't heal within a few weeks should be evaluated.

  • New moles or changes to existing moles should be a concern.

• Changes in moles: Any moles that change in size, colour, thickness, shape, or texture.

Keep in mind the ABCDE rule of changing moles. This involves the following:

A   is for Asymmetry - spots that lack symmetry. That is, if a line was drawn through the middle, the two sides would not match up.
B   is for Border irregularity - A spot with a spreading or irregular edge (notched).
C   is for Colour variation - Blotchy spots with several colours such as black, blue, red, white and/or grey.
D   is for Diameter - Look for spots that are getting bigger.
E   is for Evolving - Spots that are changing and growing.

• Skin examination: Your Dermatologist will carefully examine your skin for any suspicious moles or lesions.

• Skin Biopsy: A small sample of tissue may be removed for tissue examination under a microscope.

Both surgical and non-surgical options can be utilised for treating skin cancer. The best treatment option depends on several factors, including the type of skin cancer, its location on the body, biopsy results (such as histology type and depth), and patient-specific factors (such as age, comorbidities, and personal preference).

The following treatments may be used:

Surgery: The most common treatment for skin cancer, often involving the surgical removal of the cancerous lesion.

Other Treatments:

• Freezing (Cryotherapy): Uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy cancer cells.

• Scraping (Curettage and Cautery): Scraping away the cancer and using heat to destroy any remaining cells.

• Topical Chemotherapy: Includes creams like 5-Fluorouracil (Efudix) and Imiquimod (Aldara) applied directly to the skin.

• Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): Uses light-sensitive drugs and a light source to destroy cancer cells.

• Laser Therapy: Utilizes concentrated light to remove or destroy cancerous tissue.

• Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells.

• Immunotherapy: used by oncologists for metastatic or locally aggressive skin cancers.

Sun protection:

• Slip, Slop, Slap, Seek, Slide: Slip on sun-protective clothing, slop on SPF50+ broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen, put it on 20 minutes before you go outdoors and every two hours afterwards. Slap on a hat, seek shade, and slide on sunglasses.

• Avoid sun exposure during peak hours: The sun's rays are strongest between 10 am and 4 pm.

Regular skin checks: Perform regular self-examinations and schedule annual skin checks with your Dermatologist.

• https://www.dermcoll.edu.au/skin-cancer/

• https://melanomapatients.org.au/

The information provided here is for general educational purposes only. All medical and cosmetic procedures involve some risks. Results achieved for our patients that may be shown in before and after pictures on this website are specific to the individual, and may not be achievable for another patient. For specific advice regarding your skin condition, please book a a consultation with one of our Dermatologists at Shades Dermatology.

Always seek the guidance of your doctor or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition. Never disregard the advice of a medical professional, or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.